Cirrhosis Pathology Outlines. Learn about the gross and microscopic features, the causes and progno

Learn about the gross and microscopic features, the causes and prognosis, and see images of cirrhotic liver. Liver Apr 28, 2025 · It is the most common complication of cirrhosis, with a prevalence of 10% among patients (World J Gastroenterol 2022;28:5910) 50 - 60% of patients with compensated cirrhosis develop ascites over a 10 year period (Clin Liver Dis 2012;16:285, World J Gastroenterol 2022;28:5910) Aug 23, 2021 · Liver & intrahepatic bile ducts - Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a malignant intrahepatic epithelial neoplasm with biliary differentiation, arising in the liver periphery / proximal to the left and right hepatic ducts Jun 4, 2025 · Portosinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is a rare, noncirrhotic liver disease, characterized by changes in the hepatic microvasculature, specifically in the portal / periportal venous system, leading to portal hypertension in some but not all patients. Nov 23, 2021 · Liver & intrahepatic bile ducts - Diagnostic patterns - differential diagnosis - Identification of histologic features that define different patterns of liver injury to formulate appropriate differential diagnoses Oct 20, 2022 · Monoclonal gammopathy testing; monoclonal gammopathies are plasma cell disorders, ranging from benign monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to malignant diseases, with characteristic excretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M protein) May 30, 2024 · Practice answer #1 B. May 13, 2021 · Ductular reaction is a complex, dynamic and nonspecific reaction to liver injury and disease (acute and chronic) characterized by a ductular phenotype, possibly but not necessarily of ductular origin, at the portal - parenchymal interface. Grossly, with the naked eye, a cirrhotic liver appears nodular, "hub-nailed", on the external surface and nodular on the cut surface. B. The most common cause for this is chronic alcoholism. Cystadenocarcinoma. pathology, hepatic, liver, medical education Miscellaneous Parenchymal Diseases Chronic passive congestion (nutmeg liver), gross Chronic passive congestion, liver, microscopic Centrilobular necrosis, liver, microscopic Chronic passive congestion with "cardiac cirrhosis", liver, microscopic Infarction, liver, gross Necrosis with acetaminophen overdose, liver, microscopic Dominant polycystic This article deals with medical liver disease. Liver neoplasms are dealt with in the liver neoplasms article. Comment: The findings are consistent with the patient’s reported history of congestive heart Acute hepatitis describes active hepatocellular damage and necrosis caused most often due to viral infection, autoimmune disease or adverse drug reaction; chronic hepatitis shows persistent and progressive inflammation and injury of hepatocytes Jun 15, 2011 · Many drugs can cause liver disease through various mechanisms: The drug or one of its metabolites is directly toxic to the liver. Acute on chronic hepatic failure occurs in patients with underlying chronic liver disease or cirrhosis; hence, the chronicity feature (fibrosis or cirrhosis) should be present. The regenerative nodules are quite small, averaging less than 3 mm in size. Gastrointestinal pathology. Apr 21, 2025 · This edition of Pathology Pearls will focus on three major patterns of cirrhosis and the subtle histologic clues to the possible etiology. Oct 20, 2022 · Scirrhous type of hepatocellular carcinoma is a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) designated by the WHO with abundant fibrous stroma separating nests and trabecula of tumor cells Jul 26, 2024 · Hepatitis B is a vaccine preventable disease that causes acute and chronic liver infection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) The term "alcoholic liver disease" encompasses a spectrum of pathologic conditions ranging from isolated steatosis to established cirrhosis. Biloma. Cirrhosis: Pathology review: Symptoms, Causes, Videos & Quizzes | Learn Fast for Better Retention! Aug 6, 2021 · May present with cirrhosis and portal hypertension due to secondary biliary cirrhosis May be associated with colonic or duodenal atresia, anomalies of pancreas or congenital heart defects Thick wall cyst with variable inflammation and fibrosis Epithelium is usually denuded but can demonstrate metaplastic changes Cirrhosis: Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. Pyogenic and amebic abscesses. Grossly, there is a distinction based on the size of the nodules (<3 mm = micronodular, and >3 mm = macronodular). Within this spectrum, varying degrees of inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning degeneration, hepatocyte necrosis, cholestasis, and fibrosis may be encountere … GROSS INSPECTION. Nov 23, 2021 · Liver & intrahepatic bile ducts - Diagnostic patterns - differential diagnosis - Identification of histologic features that define different patterns of liver injury to formulate appropriate differential diagnoses Jun 10, 2024 · Hepatitis C virus (HCV) of the liver is an infectious etiology of inflammatory liver injury from hepatitis C virus, a hepatotropic virus most commonly transmitted parenterally (IV drug use, needle stick). Intrahepatic hydatid cyst. Nov 3, 2025 · Liver biopsy remains a critical diagnostic and prognostic tool in hepatology, despite advancements in noninvasive techniques Tutorial contains images and text for pathology education Colon nontumor - Crohn's disease of colon; chronic, relapsing, idiopathic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease; involvement of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract in a discontinuous and transmural manner Jun 14, 2021 · Highlights the pathophysiology, microscopic findings and associated hepatic diseases with common structural changes, patterns of cell damage and necrosis, intracellular hepatic changes and common pattern of biliary reaction to injury in hepatology Oct 20, 2022 · Scirrhous type of hepatocellular carcinoma is a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) designated by the WHO with abundant fibrous stroma separating nests and trabecula of tumor cells Jan 25, 2021 · Vascular disorders affecting the liver can be systemic or localized and have intrinsic or extrinsic causes. Cystic metastasis. Jan 27, 2021 · Sample pathology report Liver, native, orthotopic transplantation: Liver parenchyma with bridging fibrosis, prominent sinusoidal dilation and focal large regenerative nodules (see comment) Negative for malignancy. The process of cirrhosis develops over many years. D. Comment: The findings are consistent with the patient’s reported history of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver Oct 2, 2024 · Polycystic liver disease is a form of ductal plate malformation that leads to benign cystic dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts. It results from a dynamic and complex process involving necro-inflammation, extracellular matrix produc Dec 3, 2025 · Sample pathology report Liver, biopsy: Hepatic parenchyma with mild chronic inflammation and lobular cholestasis (see comment) Comment: The findings suggest cholestatic hepatitis. Grossly, cirrhosis can be described as micronodular (nodules <3 mm in size) or macronodular. EGD findings show mucosal red spots or mosaic pattern that support the diagnosis. The patient was AMA positive and ANA negative. Biliary cystadenoma. May 9, 2023 · The clinical history suggests portal hypertension (cirrhosis and bleeding varices), which raises concern of portal hypertensive gastropathy. Every differential in liver pathology has "drugs" [1] -- if it isn't clearly malignancy. Possible etiologies, depending on clinical findings, include primary biliary cirrhosis, drug induced liver injury, viral hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Cirrhosis - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical Professional Version. Severe fibrosis or cirrhosis. Inflamed tracts and bridges are intensely inflamed, with odd appearing edges of hepatocytes (arrows), suggestive of a jig saw pattern [40x]. Granulomatous liver disease prompts a broad differential (see Pathology Pearls post) that includes infection (generally associated with necrotizing granulomas, unlike the non-necrotizing granulomas seen in this instance), drug-induced liver injury (DILI), biliary disease (particularly primary biliary cholangitis), and sarcoidosis. PathologyOutlines. In this brief review, the patterns of fibrosis, the existing staging systems for chronic liver disease and the histopathological features of cirrhosis regression are discussed. The drug reduces the immunologic or hormonal defense of the host. Biliary hamartoma. Update and Diagnostic Problems Linda Ferrell, M. It results from a dynamic and complex process involving necro‐inflammation, extracellular matrix produc Jan 27, 2021 · Cirrhosis with mild to moderate chronic inflammation and occasional macroregenerative nodules (see comment) Negative for dysplasia or malignancy. The drug or one of its metabolites becomes a hapten to convert an intracellular protein into an immunogenic signal. Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. Extrapancreatic pseudocyst. Jun 7, 2021 · Comment: In clinical history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension without significant alcoholic consumption, the overall features are consistent with metabolic associated fatty liver disease with cirrhosis. May 22, 2024 · Cirrhosis: Fibrous septa around nodules are present in cirrhosis but not NRH Focal nodular hyperplasia: Solitary lesion with central scar and fibrous septa Aberrant arterioles and ductular reaction present Adenomatosis: Lesions are generally larger than in NRH Lesions generally do not involve the liver uniformly or diffusely Partial nodular Jan 30, 2015 · Cirrhosis is defined anatomically by parenchymal nodules delineated by extensive fibrous septa. It was launched in 2003 by Dr. It was subsequently expanded to include other organ systems. It results from a dynamic and complex process involving necro‐inflammation, extracellular matrix produc Jan 12, 2026 · Level up your studying with AI-generated flashcards, summaries, essay prompts, and practice tests from your own notes. May 20, 2021 · Autoimmune hepatitis is an immune mediated inflammatory liver disease of uncertain cause We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. pathology, medical education, student This is an example of a micronodular cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is end stage fibrosis of the liver that can be micronodular or macronodular. Aug 6, 2021 · May present with cirrhosis and portal hypertension due to secondary biliary cirrhosis May be associated with colonic or duodenal atresia, anomalies of pancreas or congenital heart defects Thick wall cyst with variable inflammation and fibrosis Epithelium is usually denuded but can demonstrate metaplastic changes Cirrhosis: Jan 30, 2015 · Cirrhosis is defined anatomically by parenchymal nodules delineated by extensive fibrous septa. An iron stain is unremarkable. The liver is usually indurated shrunken and yellowish-tan but it may be enlarged and yellow as in alcoholic fatty cirrhosis, rusty Apr 12, 2021 · Malignant primary hepatic blastomatous tumor that reiterates the hepatic development. A. Variation in size, color, shape and consistency is relevant and may help in the identification of the etiology. Mar 7, 2024 · Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a common, benign, nonneoplastic, mass forming lesion of the liver Primary biliary cirrhosis with Metavir stage 4 fibrosis (extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis). Dec 10, 2024 · Etiology Cirrhosis ~80% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases in adults arise in cirrhosis (Hepatology 2018;68:723) Patients with cirrhosis from any etiology are at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma Infectious Hepatitis B virus Most common etiology in pediatric HCC Mar 17, 2022 · Alcoholic liver disease is liver damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption Jan 4, 2023 · Batts-Ludwig system is the most widely used scale for assessing grade (amount of necroinflammatory activity) and stage (degree of fibrosis) in chronic hepatitis Dec 10, 2020 · Definition / general Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, progressive cholestatic liver disease with granulomatous destruction of interlobular bile ducts, leading to fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis Dec 10, 2020 · Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts - nontumor - Secondary biliary cirrhosis May 20, 2021 · Autoimmune hepatitis is an immune mediated inflammatory liver disease of uncertain cause WebPathology is an educational resource with high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. pathology, medical education, student Microscopically with cirrhosis, the regenerative nodules of hepatocytes are surrounded by fibrous connective tissue that bridges between portal tracts. See also Pancreas. Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. An introduction to the liver and approach is found in the liver article. Dharam Ramnani, with an initial focus on urologic pathology. Aug 23, 2021 · Liver & intrahepatic bile ducts - Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a malignant intrahepatic epithelial neoplasm with biliary differentiation, arising in the liver periphery / proximal to the left and right hepatic ducts Liver Pathology: Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, and Primary Liver Tumors. Within this collagenous tissue are scattered lymphocytes as well as a proliferation of bile ducts. Jan 27, 2021 · Cirrhosis with mild to moderate chronic inflammation and occasional macroregenerative nodules (see comment) Negative for dysplasia or malignancy. Sign up now to access Liver and Biliary Tract Pathology: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, and Tumors materials and AI-powered study resources. Caroli disease. Systemic conditions: cardiac (congestive) hepatopathy and Fontan associated liver disease pregnancy malnutrition (total parenteral nutrition) WebPathology is an educational resource with high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. com, free, updated outline surgical pathology clinical pathology pathologist jobs, conferences, fellowships, books We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. With continued liver injury, the liver becomes subdivided into nodules of regenerative hepatocytes surrounded by the fibrous tissue-- cirrhosis. Microscopically with cirrhosis, the regenerative nodules of hepatocytes are surrounded by fibrous connective tissue that bridges between portal tracts. A trichrome stain confirms cirrhosis. Intrahepatic hematoma. Margins of resection unremarkable. Apr 28, 2025 · It is the most common complication of cirrhosis, with a prevalence of 10% among patients (World J Gastroenterol 2022;28:5910) 50 - 60% of patients with compensated cirrhosis develop ascites over a 10 year period (Clin Liver Dis 2012;16:285, World J Gastroenterol 2022;28:5910) Jan 30, 2015 · Cirrhosis is defined anatomically by parenchymal nodules delineated by extensive fibrous septa.

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